Showing posts with label Klingon. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Klingon. Show all posts

2013-09-28

John McWhorter on conlangs

 John McWhorter is a linguist specializing in creole languages and a political reactionary focused on problems of race. In more recent years he has been addressing the public also on matters of language. In this video, he turns his attention to conlangs:

Are Elvish, Klingon, Dothraki and Na'vi real languages?


McWhorter affirms that these conlangs exhibit all the features of real languages including fully elaborated grammars, speech communities, and linguistic change over time.

Note also that the development of these languages is tied to, and most importantly originated in,  science fictional world-building. 

As I indicated in a previous post, McWhorter has confessed to knowing Esperanto. If these hobby languages can be justified as real languages, then Esperanto deserves linguistic legitimation all the more. I would like to see McWhorter do a video or podcast on this infinitely more important constructed language, Esperanto, which builds on the real world, has a speech community that functions in the real world (with unfortunate exceptions), serves a useful purpose, and can profit far more from validation from linguists.

2013-08-26

Martin Gardner, Volapük, Esperanto, Klingon

Mi eltrovis Martin Gardner (1914-2010) en 1967, iom antaŭ ol eltrovi Esperanton. Specife, mi eltrovis lian rubrikon en revuo Scientific American, "Matematikaj Ludoj." Mi estis menciita inter solvintoj de iu ludo:

Mathematical Games: Counting Systems and the Relationship between Numbers and the Real World” by Martin Gardner

Jen anglalingva nekrologo fare de mi:

Martin Gardner Dead at 95 by Ralph Dumain

En mia retgvidilo pri ludoj vidu la sekcion Homage to Martin Gardner (October 21, 1914 – May 22, 2010).

Gardner famis ankaŭ kiel pioniro kaj verkisto de la skeptikisma (en la scienca senco) movado. En la sama menciita periodo de mia vivo mi legis lian pioniran libron Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science (1957) [Furoroj kaj Falsaĵoj Ŝajnigitaj Sciencaj].

Nu, mi jam blogis pri Gardner. Nun temas pri eseo "Klingon and Other Artificial Languages," en antologio The Night Is Large: Collected Essays, 1938-1995 (p. 162-170), originale aperinta en Skeptical Inquirer, July/August 1995. Gardner resumas la historion de artefaritaj lingvoj, de seriozaj kaj frenezulaj aprioriaj lingvoj ĝis poste. Li estas sufiĉe amike al Esperanto, ne multe al Volapük.  Li redonas rikanan poemeton pri Volapük:
Take a spoonful of English,
A modicum of Dutch,
Of Italian just a trifle,
And of Gaelic not too much;

Some of Russian and Egyptian
And them unto the whole,
With just enough to flavor,
Of the lingo of the Pole.

Some Singhalese and Hottentot,
A soupçon, too, of French,
Of native Scandinavian
A pretty thorough drench;

Hungarian and Syrian,
A pinch of Japanese,
With just as much Ojibway,
And Turkish as you please.

Now stir it gently, boil it well,
And if you've decent luck,
The ultimate residuum
You'll find is Volapük!
Gardner poste pritraktas Idon kaj mencias plurajn esperantidojn. Li listigas multajn aliajn projektojn. Li emfazas Interlingua de Giuseppe Peano kaj mencias ties idojn. Gardner reliefigas Interglossa de Hogben sed ankaŭ projekton kiun mi ne konis, Euphony de Wilfred Stevens, kiu ĉerpas el 30 lingvoj. Gardner transiras al la kategorio de artefaritaj lingvoj kaj lingvaĵoj en literaturo kaj en esoteraĵoj. Kuriozaĵo estas "Enochian" [Ĥanoĥa] de John Dee en la 16a jarcento, kiu supozeble estas la lingvoj de anĝeloj kaj Edeno.

La finaj subkategorioj estas subkulturaj ĵargonoj, misteraj lingvoj de religiaj sektoj, gestlingvoj, eksterteranaj lingvoj en sciencfikcio, kaj aliaj. En Aldonaĵo de 1995 Gardner mencias Novial, Loglan, Lojban, Mangani (en Tarzan), Elvish (Tolkein), Confluence (Brian Aldiss).

Referencoj al la eseo de Gardner's troveblas aliloke. Surprize, estas ampleksa artikolo en la gazeto The Village Voice: "Pük, Memory:Why I Learned a Universal Language No One Speaks" de Paul LaFarge (Aug. 1, 2000).

La eseo de Gardner estas ankaŭ referencita ĉe Volapüka retejo, verkita en Volapük kaj en la angla:

O fat obas - dil balik

Pük, Memory estas referencita ankaŭ en blogo there's our catastrophe.

Notu, ke en la angla la titolo de la artikolo estas vortludo, bazita ĉi tiel:

(1) "Pük, Memory" similsonas al "Speak, Memory" [Parolu, Memoro], titolo de verko de Vladimir Nabokov.
(2) "Pük"en Volapük preskaŭ samsonas al la angla "puke," vulgara vorto kiu signifas "vomu."

Amuze!

2013-05-30

Conlanging today: an infantile disorder?

My recent study of the history of utopianism and science fiction has spilled over into my musings about conlangers and speculations about alt culture. I think there is something essentially trivial about today's conlangers as there is about TV/cinematic sci fi. And therefore I think there is something grievously missed on the sociological plane by Arika Okrent who has otherwise rendered a great service by documenting this phenomenon. I also think that the otherwise admirable Sam Green made some serious and harmful errors in his two documentaries on utopias and Esperanto, for which Okrent is also egregiously guilty in the latter. She is a linguist, not a historian or social theorist. Thank Godless I'm a baby boomer. These younger folks have no sense of history.

 I am being uncustomarily diplomatic here.  Somewhere I wrote what is wrong with the Esperanto documentary. I think Sam compounded Okrent's misrepresentation of the era that produced Esperanto. As for the Four Utopias and Sam's documentary approach, Stephen Squibb nailed what is wrong with it.

I get constant updates in my Facebook newsfeed from conlangers, and while I find the resources available in this area far more sophisticated than what I recall being available in the era of marginal print culture when I was a teenager, something has declined in one area as sophistication has grown in another. In the old days, most of the conlangers (when the term did not exist) at least pretended to be interested in an international auxiliary language, with an admixture of eccentrics and outright cranks making big claims, especially those inventing a priori languages. (I am so glad I was finally able to acquire my own copy of Fuishiki Okamoto's 1962 book on BABM at the 2010 Esperanto USA congress, which I recall from my nerd salad days haunting the Buffalo main library.) In those days the figure most known for inventing languages for the hell of it was J.R.R. Tolkien (whose medieval nostalgia I soon learned to disdain), which he referred to as a guilty pleasure. It was something for male nerds just past puberty to do in those days, in a far more innocent but hardly idyllic time.

Now artificial languages are commissioned ad hoc for superficially sophisticated sci fi and fantasy films and TV shows. But Dothraki could not get me to endure Game of Thrones.  And my opinion of Avatar was none too favorable either. I have already expressed my "esteem" for Klingon (see the post reproduced below).

All of this reminds me of a visit to Buffalo in the past year, in which I was taken to a congregation of a sci fi film club, coincidentally located a block from where I grew up. I had to endure episode 6 of Star Wars all over again, a scenario so preposterous even the person who brought me found it dubious. Every stereotype you can imagine about this subculture is true; the reality is even worse, much seedier and much more awful than anything I grew up with. It's a sad case of arrested development.

There are, of course, a few conlangs of philosophical or ideological interest: Lojban, Laadan, maybe Toki Pona and a few others. I don't think so highly of these either, but the conlanging hobby as I see it flowing into my newsfeed strikes me as decidedly infantile, as infantile as blockbuster films and "reality" TV, more childish even than all the crackpot Esperantists combined I've encountered over the past 45 years. Esperanto, at least, was designed for a serious purpose, and its subcultures exist at least to communicate, and while conlanging is a creative endeavor as any other, most of it in the final analysis is as pointless and redundant as the latest American film or TV series. O Stanislaw Lem, where art thou when I need thee?




Sociology of Klingonism, 23 December 2010

If I could have projected my 14-year old self forward in time more than four decades, I would have reveled in today's conlanger world. While I outgrew direct involvement in this sort of thing, I retain an interest in documenting it, and I can more or less respect the hobby . . . except when it comes to Klingon. Arika Okrent has provided a forceful argument that involvement with Klingon is not contemptible after all, which almost had me convinced, but ultimately I revert to the anonymous cynic who insisted that the existence of Klingon speakers is an argument for forced sterilization.

Now comes this sociological study, parts of which I find quite fascinating, as Mr. Spock would. Who knew that Pierre Bourdieu would be marshaled to analyze the Klingon phenom?

Klingon as Linguistic Capital: A Sociologic Study of Nineteen Advanced Klingonists
[Hol Sup 'oH tlhIngan Hol'e' wa'maH Hut tlhIngan Hol po'wI' nughQeD ]
Yens Wahlgren, Bachelor’s thesis, Soc 346, 41–60 p, Spring semester 2004, Department of Sociology, Lund University
http://www.angelfire.com/trek/yensw/PDF/thesis.pdf

Esperanto is cited for comparison, including Peter Forster's 1982 sociological study, The Esperanto Movement.

One surprising--to me--twist here is the dissociation between Klingonists and Trekkies. (I think they prefer to be called Trekkers, but I prefer the more supercilious term). I would think that Klingonism would be Trekkiehood taken to the point of a psychotic break, but oddly, many Klingonists begin with a fascination with the language and not with the fictional universe from which it originates.
Many Klingonists seems to lose their interest in Star Trek after speaking Klingon a while. This may be a result of that the average age is higher among Klingonists than Klingon fans. Star Trek fandom is in many ways a youth culture (Gibberman, 1991).

However the KLI as a socializing institution is probably one reason for the fact that many Klingonists not consider themselves as trekkers anymore. In the process of Klingonists becoming Klingonists is not only the process of languages learning. A kind of secondary socialization (Berger & Luckmann) is occurring when interacting in the peer group of KLI. Officially the KLI emphasize that they not are a fan organization. Their journal it is not a newsletter or a fanzine, it is supposed to be a scholarly journal, indexed by the Modern Language Association, that uses blind peer review. The education level of the Klingonists is as we have seen very high and it would be reasonable to assume that the use of an academic language and style is endorsed.
But compare this to respondent Adam:
The fact that there’s a rich fictional background to the Klingons gives this language incredible character, and makes speaking it fun.
If you’re speaking Esperanto, you can’t ask yourself, ‘how would an esperantoan express this idea,’ because there’s no such thing as an Esperantoan. There are fictional Klingons with a fictional culture, so one can ask ‘How would a (fictional) Klingon express this idea,’ and that makes it more fun.”
Note the perversity:
Many Klingonists choose to perceive and treat Klingon as a “real”, actual alien language and not as an artificial language. Thus they are not interested in creating new words for human concepts. Their goal with the language is not that it will be as easy as possible to use for humans, but rather they want to understand how Klingons use their language. This adds another dimension to the Klingon community. To become a notable member among Klingonists linguistic capital is not enough -- you need cultural capital as well to know how a Klingon would think in a certain situation. Or more specifically: how the group of Klingonists think Klingons think.
However, the influence of attempting to adapt Klingon to earthly needs is also felt.

The dissociation between interest in the Klingons in the Trekkie universe & the Klingon language is quite intriguing:
In the ordinary Klingon fan world where role-playing and dressing-up as Klingons is the major activity, the knowledge of Klingon is to be considered as sub-cultural capital, in the eyes of the relevant beholder. Though to be a Klingonist seems not automatically to get you sub-cultural capital. By judging from my informants opinions there is a conflict between Klingon fans and Klingonists. To actually learn the full Klingon language is seen as a waste of time and somewhat strange. In my opinion this conflict can be connected to the fact that the KLI states that it is not a fan organisation. It may as well be a result of different focuses; the KLI’s primary concern is intellectual and the fan groups activities is more practical (creating uniforms, Klingon weapons etc.)
Different respondents have different views, of course, so I may sense a contradiction based on conflating informants, but it's odd, I think, to wonder how a Klingon thinks without being interested in Klingons, i.e. as they exist in the Star Trek cosmos. It's like being interested in a culture without being interested in it. I suppose this could be just a small step beyond being interested in a language only for the language. So I guess this is not as pathetic as dressing up as a Klingon after all. Still, wondering how a Klingon thinks is like wondering how a thug from South Buffalo would express himself, and I'm glad I haven't had to think about that for some decades.

2011-12-31

Invented Languages: Klingon and Beyond

Jen kurso ĉe la University of Texas at Austin:

LIN 312 • Invented Languages: Klingon and Beyond

T.e. "Inventitaj Lingvoj: Klingono kaj Pretere." Estas ankaŭ aparta retejo kun materialoj ĉi-teme:

LIN 312 • Invented Languages: Klingon and Beyond

2010-07-05

Arika Okrent pri Na'vi & aliaj inventitaj lingvoj

Here are a couple of public interventions from March:

The New Klingon
By Arika Okrent
SLATE, Posted Wednesday, March 24, 2010
"Without so much as a dictionary, Avatar fans are learning how to speak Na'vi."

Questions Answered: Invented Languages - Schott's Vocab Blog - NYTimes.com
March 10, 2010

This is an exceptionally detailed Q & A, with Okrent and Paul Frommer fielding the questions.

Arika Okrent & kreinto de Klingono intervjuitaj

13 Nov 2009:

Se vi volas lerni pri la Klingona lingvo en la sveda lingvo, jen viddokumento:


La kreinto de Klingono estas intervjuita; li parolas en la angla. Sekvas prezento de adepto de Klingono.

Post ĉi tiu dorkfesto, je 19:30 komenciĝas kelkminuta intervjuo kun Arika Okrent, kiu parolas en la angla. Ŝi skizetas bazajn periodojn en la historio de artefaritaj lingvoj: Wilkins (filozofia-logika), Esperanto (internacia komunikado), Laadan (la ina lingvo) & Klingono (hobiaj lingvoj).

postnoto 5 julio 2010: 

Ĉi tiu video ne plu troveblas ĉe la indikita retejo.