Filozofieske, bloge, Esperante

1. Kiel oni difinas sciencfikcion? (Pri Io Ajn, 4 aprilo 2019)

La aŭtoro luktas pri la problemo adekvate difini la ĝenron sciencfikcian. Li dubemas pri la difino en Vikipedio; li ŝatas la difinon de Isaac Asimov. Li mencias la verkon Frankenstein de Mary Shelley, kiun pluraj fakuloj fiksas la unua sciencfikcia verko. Sed min ne kontentigas la konkludojn de la afiŝisto. Mi mem traktis ĉi tiun aferon en mia anglalingva podkasto Science Fiction, Utopia, and the End of Imagination (1) (ĉe 7:30-9:45 min) en mia programaro Studies in a Dying Culture [Studoj pri Mortanta Kulturo, laŭ esprimo de Christopher Caudwell].

2. Theodor Lessing de Dirk Bindmann (Promene, 2 aprilo 2019)

Bindmann raportas, ke li "legis malnovan libron el 1924: Al eterna paco de Immanuel Kant, tradukita de Paul Christaller. (En 2017 aperis nova eldono de Fonto.) Krom la tekston de Kant la libro enhavas ankaŭ biografieton de Kant, kiun verkis Theodor Lessing. Tio estas rimarkinda, ĉar Theodor Lessing en Germanio estis sufiĉe konata filozofo [...]".  Menciataj ankaŭ estas la verkoj de Lessing kontraŭ antisemitismo kaj reakcia germana naciismo. En 1933 Lessing fuĝis al Ĉeĥoslovakio. Tie Lessing "fariĝis la unua viktimo, kiujn nazioj murdis sur teritorio de Ĉeĥoslovakio".

3. Rolf Hochhuth: Humaneco (El „La klasbatalo ne finiĝis“), tradukis Dorothea kaj Hans-Georg Kaiser (cezartradukoj, 11 aprilo 2019)

Kaptis mian atenton ĉi tiu bildo de Theodor W. Adorno (v. nur maŝintradukitan eron en Vikipedio). Bedaŭrinde, Hochhuth malhoneste ligas Adorno kun Himmler, kaj tiu sencerbulo Kaiser same nek komprenas nek volas kompreni Adorno.

Samspece: Rolf Hochhuth: Dubo (el „Antaŭstudoj pri la etologio de la historio)

Hochhuth same miskomprenigas la ideojn de Herbert Marcuse, ankaŭ frankfurtskolano. Oni atentu, ke Hochhuth estas disputata verkisto en Germanio. (V. anglalingve Rolf Hochhuth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.)

Apenaŭ ekzistas tekstoj en Esperanto de aŭ pri la Frankfurta Skolo. Jen, ekzemple, eseo pri Jürgen Habermas:

• "Komunika Etiko kaj Esperantismo" de Helmut Welger

Bedaŭrinde, mankas ankaŭ sufiĉe da inteligentaj esperantistoj kaj tro abundas frenezuloj.

Karel Čapek: la vivo & epoko

Jen interesa, bela video, kiu priskribas la medion kaj provizas ioman kuntekston al la verkoj de Čapek:

La vivo kaj epoko de Karel Čapek

Atentu menciojn de verkoj: romano Krakatit, teatraĵo R.U.R., infanliteraturo, romano Ordinara vivo, romano Milito kontraŭ salamandroj. Rimarku ankaŭ lian amikecon kun Tomáš Masaryk, kaj liajn hobiojn de fotografado kaj kolektado de gramafondiskoj.

Jen informoj en Esperanto fine de la filmo. La filmo estis produktita en 2007...

Kunlabore kun la studio Grant kaj kun la subteno de Mezbohemia Regiono por Memormuzeo pri Karel Čapek produktis Josef Císařovský

Retejo de la Memormuzeo pri Karel Čapek: http://www.capek-karel-pamatnik.cz/

Al Esperanto tradukis kaj teknike laboris Vladimír Türk
Virina voĉo Pavla Dvořáková
Vira voĉo Vladimír Türk

Esperanto-versio de la filmo realiĝis kadre de la projekto "Karel Čapek" de Ĉeĥa Esperanto-Asocio

capek@esperanto.cz 2015

On Carnap as an Esperantist & cosmopolitan (vs Heidegger)

As the philosopher Michael Friedman has recently shown, Carnap knew Heidegger’s work and standpoints well, and had read him quite seriously. He attended the debate between Heidegger and Cassirer at Davos in 1929 and took a walk with Heidegger and conversed with him in a café. He studied Sein und Zeit (Being and Time) and expounded its philosophical purpose to the Vienna Circle around Moritz Schlick as an entrée to the group. Heidegger represented a rival means and approach to “overcoming metaphysics,” the task that this magician of the Black Forest promised to accomplish by going back to a more primordial, prerational sense of human existence, its elementary Dasein, which stood as the opposite of the progress of science and cosmopolitan modernity. Once Heidegger had turned Nazi, Schlick had been murdered, and Carnap, Neurath, and Philipp Frank—along with their allies Hans Reichenbach and Carl Hempel in Berlin— began to migrate West, away from anti-Semitic repression, their political conflict with the forces of the xenophobic Right filled out and extended the terms of the methodological conflict.

This was the original “linguistic turn.” Recent biographies have strongly humanized Rudolf Carnap away from the image of a stern logician and into a true man of enlightenment and a utopian of international cooperation. Carnap favored the construction of “ideal languages” both in logic and in reality, artificial languages that could overcome the errors and historical demerits of natural language, not from any disapproval of human history but because he maintained the cosmopolitan Enlightenment ethos of Kant’s “Perpetual Peace,” as in his love of Esperanto. Friedman has pointed out the touching rhapsody in Carnap’s intellectual autobiography when he recounts teaching himself the language at the age of fourteen and attending a performance of Goethe’s noble Iphigenia performed in the rationalized international language. “It was a stirring and uplifting experience for me to hear this drama, inspired by the ideal of one humanity, expressed in the new medium which made it possible for thousands of spectators from many countries to understand it.” After the tragedy of World War I, young man Carnap hiked through Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania with a Bulgarian friend: “We stayed with hospitable Esperantists and made contact with many people in these countries. We talked about all kinds of problems in public and in personal life, always, of course, in Esperanto.”

SOURCE: Greif, Mark. The Age of the Crisis of Man: Thought and Fiction in America, 1933–1973 (Princeton University Press, 2015), chapter 10--Universal Philosophy and Antihumanist Theory, pp. 288-289.

Omaĝe al Imre Baranyai (Emba), 14 marto 1902 - 1961 (2)

Jen mi ĝisdatigas la retligojn de mia afiŝo Omaĝe al Emba:

Ekzilo kaj azilo (poemaro) de Emba

• Mia patrino
• Enigmo
• Rebrilos la stelo
• Idolfalo
• En sonĝo
• La bona oĉjo Bion
• La penso
• Splitoj

En aktuala retejo de Don Harlow:

• Hororo de Imre BARANYAI (Emba) Unikoda versio
• Novjara penso de Imre BARANYAI (Emba)

Jen re-listigo de retpaĝoj (neŝanĝitaj) pri Emba:

• Imre Baranyai - Vikipedio
• Baranyai Imre: Originala Literaturo Esperanta (OLE)

Denove, jen miareteje:

• Al la Forironto de Emba (Imre Baranyai)
• Emba de Sándor Szathmári
• (Recenzo): Emba, “Maria kaj la Grupo” de R. Dumain

Por anglalingvaj legantoj, okaze de la naskiĝtago de Emba, mi ĵus tradukis mian recenzon:

Review: Imre Baranyai (Emba), “Maria and the Group” (“Maria kaj la Grupo”) by R. Dumain

Boxer, Beetle (5)

The Boxer Beetle web site has disappeared, so here is the best I can give you, from the ghost web: Boxer, Beetle. I reproduce the images below:

One Who Hopes: Lidia Zamenhof en teatraĵo

Jen video de scenoj el "One Who Hopes" (t.e. Esper-anto) -- teatraĵo pri Lidia Zamenhof, en video ĉe YouTube:

"One Who Hopes" (part 1) scene with reporters

"One Who Hopes" (part 2) - this scene shows Lidia teaching an Esperanto class

Curtain call for "One Who Hopes" -- Haifa performance

Ĉi tiuj scenoj devenas el prezento en Ĥajfo (Haifa), Israelo. Altnivela dramo ĝi ne estas.

Imp of the Diverse & Esperanto

There are several entries of interest on Esperanto on the blog Imp of the Diverse. Some interesting posts, especially news clippings from the distant past:

The Illegal Language

Esperanto: A Last and Desperate Attempt for Volapuk?

How Do You Say "Goodbye" in Volapük?

International Languages, A New One Every Day

How Do You Say "Stop or I'll Shoot" in Esperanto?

If We Don't Get the Golfers, We're Doomed!

Hitler's surprising obsession

Actually, it's not surprising at all to those who have known for decades about Hitler's targeting of the Esperanto movement for persecution as a Jewish conspiracy, and the Nazis' murder of all three of Zamenhof's children. But here's another reminder, with links:

Hitler's surprising obsession

One of the links given is to this blog. Note also:

Speech at the US Holocaust Memorial Museum about Esperanto

I participated in this event, sharing my knowledge with the Holocaust Museum in Washington.

Review of the book La Danĝera Lingvo

This is Don Harlow's review, in English, of "The Dangerous Language," the most thorough documentation of fascist and Stalinist persecution of the Esperanto movement.

New to me though is the reference to Valdemar Langlet, a Swedish Esperantist who saved many Jews from the Nazis.

Charlie Chaplin used Esperanto as the language of the Jewish ghetto in his landmark 1940 film The Great Dictator. I have known about this for decades but never attempted to research what motivated Chaplin. The blogger links this to Nazi persecution of Esperantists. Chaplin could have known about the Nazis' opposition to Esperanto and Esperanto's internationalism which Chaplin would have endorsed.

The blogger does not explain the poster reproduced on his post, and above. It is one of the anti-fascist posters in Esperanto produced during the Spanish Civil War.

Humura Holokaŭsto?

Humuro estas stranga besto. Ĝia kaŝlogiko ne estas ĉiam klare perceptebla. Sed ĝi komercas per ironio kaj absurdo. El ia angulo eble ĉia temo povas generi ridon, malgraŭ la risko.

Unu fonto por Esperantistoj estas la Neciklopedio. Ĉi-kaze juĝu mem:

Holokaŭsto

• Holokaŭsta neado
• Holapuko

Boxer, Beetle (4)

Boxer, Beetle has been blurbed as hilarious. I would call it satirical in the extreme, but I haven't been laughing.

There are no redeeming characters in the book. Not only are the fascists obnoxious and stupid, but their would-be victims, the underclass East Ender Jews of London, are primitive and crude. Seth "Sinner" Roach is the crudest of them: a malformed boxer who lives to fight, who hates Jew-haters but has no political perspective, only selfish interest. His bizarre symbiosis with the anti-Semitic fascist entomologist and amateur eugenicist Philip Erskine and their mutual fate is the focal point of the mystery Kevin Broom is trying to solve under extreme duress in the present. As the narrative toggles between tracking down vanished persons and the obscure events of 1936, we descend further and further into the pit.

Erskine not only names a beetle he has bred after Hitler, he receives an effusive letter from Hitler. Sinner becomes a mercenary in a brewing battle in the East End as Mosley's fascists storm the area to confront the Jews, who are poised for battle.

Well, Broom and his kidnapper (and the latter's mysterious boss) finally solve the mystery of the boxer and the beetles, as do we in a flashback to October 1936. Both halves of the story conclude with no justice meted out to the bad guys, no good guys to win or lose, no redemption and no moral. This satiric portrait of degradation and fascism is a brilliantly written tour de force, well worth reading, but don't expect any wisdom to be gotten from it.

What this young man is about I do not know, or if this novel bespeaks a trend in Jewish fiction, but you can learn more about the author and his work at Ned Bauman's web site, which also links to his blog "Oh my god look at its little face!". Bauman, born in 1985, studied philosophy in Cambridge. Make of that what you will. There is also a bibliography for this novel. The references for artificial languages are:

The Artificial Language Movement by Andrew Large (1985)
Esperanto: Language, Literature and Community by Pierre Janton, ed. Humphrey Tonkin (1993)

Boxer, Beetle (3)

In the present (Chapter 12 of Boxer, Beetle) the narrator is kidnapped to Claramore, where the key to the quest is thought to be: an incident suspected to have taken place at a fascist conference in 1936.

Then we are back in 1936, at Claramore, the bizarre estate of the Erskine family. William Erskine, inheritor of the estate, rigged it up with high-tech (for 1936) inventions and gizmos in accordance with his vision of the technological future.

Sinner (Seth Roach) and Philip Erskine arrive for the upcoming conference. Pangaean gets mentioned a few more times (145, 149, 163). Philip's father William reads the son's manuscript and decides to have it bound. Later on as the drama at the household reaches a macabre climax, Erskine--which Erskine I'm not certain--has a morbid fantasy involving the third Pangaean Grammar and Lexicon.

It also bears mentioning that Evelyn, Philip's sister, is an aficionado and composer of atonal music, which she ends up attempting to justify to Sinner (171). I mention this noting that one of the prefatory quotes to the novel comes from Adorno on dissonance.

Chapter 13 (August 1936) teaches us that the entire family and the assembled fascist guests all belong in a looney bin. It's a bizarro Addams Family world, only truly morbid. And each fascist we encounter is crazier than the next; each insists on the peculiarities of his own cobbled together world view, such that none can agree and all end up bickering.

Chapter 14 begins with footman Alex Goodman obsessed with two goals: marrying Evelyn's maid, and securing a "top-class conjugal safety coffin." But that's normal compared to what transpires by the end of Chapter 15, as the insanity at Claramore reaches a climax, in more ways than one.

Boxer, Beetle (2)

In the past two days I have read 11 chapters (133 pages) of Ned Beauman's novel Boxer, Beetle. It's a real page-turner, compelling reading, superbly written, and highly absurdist.

Chapter 10 (Autumn 1881), on which I reported in my previous post on this book, is actually a historical digression from the main two plots. incorporates the real history of artificial languages into the fiction. Erasmus Erskine appears to be the grandfather of Philip Erskine, entomologist, eugenicist, Nazi sympathizer. His main occupation is finding and breeding beetles, until he secures the cooperation of gay, nine-toed Jewish Boxer Seth "Sinner" Roach to serve as a guinea pig for a eugenics experiment. This scenario takes place in Britain in the 1930s.

The other main plot takes place in the present, in which Kevin Broom, a collector of Nazi memorabilia, is sucked into a nefarious intrigue involving the sordid past just described.

At the end of chapter 9, Philip Erskine is forced by his father to leave beetles and boxers be for a time in order to complete another project:

"It was time to write the history of Pangaean--the Erskine dynasty's greatest pride, and greatest embarrassment."

So the chapter on artificial languages, though seemingly out of place, is a historical flashback from the 1930s, and pits not only artificial languages against one another, but anti-Semite against Jew.  Erasmus Erskine, creator of Pangaean, wants to abolish adverbs as well as Jews. In 1881, "on the same day that the Jews were driven out of Fluek, the adverbs were driven out of the English language." Meanwhile, far away in Poland, Seth Roach's grandparents prepare to fight off a pogrom.

Erskine, bigoted and obsessed, makes Pangaean so complicated and difficult, that even he can't master his language.

"He was even forced to consider putting the adverbs back in, but concluded that he had left himself no room for them, on the same day in June 1882 that Sinner's grandfather returned with his wife and daughters to Fluek, where they were told by local officials that, according to Alexander III's new Temporary Regulations, no Jews were allowed to settle in the countryside of Russian Poland."

So they left Fluek and ended up in Bialystok (in real life, the birthplace of Zamenhof, creator of Esperanto), where Sinner's father "was born on the same day that Erskine completed the 998-page first draft of the Pangaean Grammar and Lexicon."

Pangaean, of course, never existed, but the real history of the international language movement, with some historical distortions, serves as the backdrop for the unhappy fate of Pangaean. Erskine opposes Esperanto as a Jewish language, as did Hitler later on, but as fate would have it, Hitler ends up banning Pangaean as well as Esperanto.

Boxer, Beetle

First, here is the web site for the novel Boxer, Beetle.

The novel is prefaced by two quotes. The first is from Jane Jacobs, from her landmark book The Death and Life of Great American Cities. The second:

"Dissonance is the truth about harmony." -- Theodor Adorno, Aesthetic Theory

Who knew?

I don't follow trends in fiction generally, or even in various fictional genres, but I have taken note of several contemporary Jewish novelists who have immersed their imaginations in the cultural environments that would have been familiar to their great grandparents, often incorporating real historical figures, or creating alternate histories. Michael Chabon and Joseph Skibell come immediately to mind.  I suppose then it should not be too surprising that Esperanto and its Eastern European Jewish creator L. L. Zamenhof would appear in this fiction. Ned Bauman's novel, published in 2010, can be added to this list.

Entomologists, eugenicists, Nazis, and a Jewish boxer occupy this scenario. Chapter 10 (Autumn 1881) incorporates the real history of artificial languages into the fiction. Erasmus Erskine insists that in a true philosophical language, ambiguity would be eliminated. There is speculation about an alleged archaeological finding of a legendary ancient advanced civilization and the language its inhabitants would have spoken. Sudre's musical language Solresol is mentioned as is perhaps the oldest recorded example of an artificial language, produced in the 12th century by St. Hildegard. The era of a priori constructed languages is mentioned. In the same era in which pogroms in Eastern Europe are feared on a daily basis, Erskine pursues his project, until in January 1890 Erskine completes "the 998-page first draft of the Pangaean Grammar and Lexicon." Zamenhof's native city of Bialystok is also part of the story.

Erskine's friend Thurlow continues to discourage the project, mentioning Volapuk had already achieved success and was a far superior language than Pangaean and easier to learn. (The irony!) But Erskine is more irritated that someone of his acquaintance, Marcus Amersham, is working on his own artificial language Orba, and has a club devoted to it. Amersham's publications include forms to which the reader can subscribe promising to learn the language if 10 million other people do so. This fictional item is borrowed from real life Zamenhof's initial attempt to promote Esperanto.

Esperanto then makes its appearance: "But by 1901 Pangaean, Orba and Volapuk were all being swept aside by the onrush of Esperanto." A few paraphrased quotes from Zamenhof are adduced to demonstrate Zamenhof's Jewish motivation. Erskine learns about the forthcoming Delegation for
the Adoption of an International Auxiliary Language (which in real life selected the dark horse Ido, resulting in the famous Esperanto-Ido schism),  and is determined to counterpose Pangaean to the Jewish cosmopolitan Esperanto and mold his language accordingly. Erskine, apparently, is an anti-Semite and presumably a non-Jew.

The 1903 Delegation could not gain assent to its authority, and so no new language definitely triumphed. Bauman correctly describes Hitler's animosity to Esperanto and the Nazi extermination of Zamenhof's family, but adds the fictional element that Hitler bans Pangaean as well as Esperanto. To Stalin's real-life persecution of Esperantists is added Stalin's unverified anecdotal inability to learn Esperanto and purely fictional inability to learn the fictional Pangaean.

And now the final SPOILER: Erskine catches Thurlow with his wife, with a book of Orba grammar between them. Devastated, Erskine discards his notes for the third edition of the Pangaean Grammar and Lexicon.  I have deliberately kept this description as dry as possible, because the actual writing is hilarious.

And undoubtedly the balance of this award-nominated novel is equally as entertaining.

Sander L. Gilman pri Naziismo, Paranojo, Lingvo, & Juda Mem-malestimo

Mi lastatempe hazarde elfosis malnovan recenzeton de interesa libro, kiun mi verŝajne legis antaŭ pli ol du jardekoj:

Gilman, Sander L. Jewish Self-Hatred: Anti-Semitism and the Hidden Language of the Jews. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986. xi, 461 pp.

La titolo: "Juda Mem-Malamo: Antisemitismo kaj la Kaŝlingvo de la Judoj". La subtitolo ĝuste priskribas la enhavon, sed en mia recenzo mi esprimis dubon pri la aplikeblo de la etikedo memmalestimo al ĉiuj ekzemploj traktitaj en la libro:

Sander L. Gilman on Jewish Self-Hatred: Real History & Imputed Motives
[ . . . pri Juda Mem-malamo: Reala Historio & Supozataj Motivoj]

Ĉu temas pri la psikologio de juda adaptiĝo al malamika medio aŭ pri rasismaj konceptoj flanke de la gojoj, la demando estas aŭtenteco. La supozoj pri neaŭtenteco rilatiĝas ankaŭ al lingvoj, la hebrea, la jida, la juda rilato al la germana lingvo . . . eĉ Esperanto. Ekzemplo de ekstrema paranojo pri lingvoj kaj judoj estas Hitler kaj la politiko de la nazioj. Gilman diskutas ĉi tion kaj referencas Zamenhof kaj Esperanton:

Sander L. Gilman on Nazism, Paranoia, & Language
[. . . pri Naziismo, Paranojo, & la Lingvo]

Omaĝe al Emba

Mi ĉiam havis molkoran senton pri Imre Baranyai (1902-1961), kies pseŭdonimo estas Emba. Li estas poeto da sufero kaj mizero, eble enkorpigo de tipa orienteŭropa turmento.

Miareteje, vi trovos:

Recenzo: Emba, Maria kaj la Grupo de R. Dumain

"Al la Forironto" de Emba (Imre Baranyai)

Tie vi trovos retligojn pri Emba. Ĉi tiu poemo estis dediĉita al E. Lanti kaj aperis en la poemkolekto Ekzilo kaj Azilo de Emba: la tuto haveblas interrete.

Emba spertis malfacilan vivon. Kiel menciite en iu poemo, li eĉ ne povis aĉeti tajpilon por verkado. Ankaŭ, li travivis sekvajn epokojn de politika subpremado. Oni rimarkas tion en la sinsekvo de poemoj en Ekzilo kaj Azilo. Oni trovos lian ardon al Esperanto kaj esperoj de la laborista movado. Sed alvenas naziismo, kune kun la subpremado de Esperanto. Post alvenas la jubilado de liberigo kaj novaj esperoj, kiujn surtretas la botoj de stalinismo. Aperas post-stalina seniluziiĝo, kaj pesimismo alfronte la atombombon.

Antaŭ relego de la poemaro mi nebule memoris dum jardekoj du fragmentojn el poemoj. Inter liaj funebrecaj poemoj estas tristaĵo pri lia patrino: Mia patrino, portreto despera. Mi memoras la finajn versojn:

Ho, mi povus tutan mondon
per titana sku' detrui,
por ankoraŭ unufoje
ŝian sunan ridon ĝui.

Mi memoras ankaŭ verson kiu, fakte, varie aperas en tri poemoj. Jen Enigmo, kiu temas pri subpremado sub stalinista jugo. Sendube mi pensas pri la finaj versoj:

Ribele mi parolas
poetaŭgur-misteron:
Pereos, kiu volas
estingi nian stelon.

Jen Rebrilos la stelo, anticipe la venkon kontraŭ Hitler. La pretendoj de la "mastro-raso" proviĝos vanaj. Kaj pri Esperanto:

Kaj nia lingvo vivos, kaj sur la Vojo plue
ni povos marŝi rekte, kuraĝe en la celon.
Kaj staros la ekzemplo ateste kaj instrue:
Pereos, kiu volas estingi nian stelon.

Fine, ĉi-teme, jen Idolfalo, kiu evidente temas pri la senidoligo de Stalin. Kaj denove:

Juĝisto mi ne estas, nur esperanta homo,
sed — Mene Tekel — legu flamskribe la misteron:
La famo estingiĝos kaj forgesiĝos nomo
al tiu, kiu volas estingi nian stelon!

 Eble la plej fama poemo de Emba estas En sonĝo. Jen komenco:

En sonĝo princinon mi vidis
kun vangoj malsekaj de ploro.
Popolo bienojn dividis,
jen kial ŝin kaptis hororo.

 Eble bone konata esperantisma poemo estas La bona oĉjo Bion. Ĉiu strofo finiĝas per la verso:

«Ho, se la kara Majstro vidus tion».

Alia mia favorata poemo estas La penso. Ĝi estas simpla poemo, sed ĝi taŭge esprimas la pasion al libero. Ekz, jen la finaj strofoj:

Ne, ne, ne eblas la afero:
la penson fermi per barad'.
Ĝi pli facile ol etero
forflugas tra l' karcera krad'.

Kaj se despoto ĝin enfosus
en meza mezo de l' terglob',
ĝi streĉus sin, la streĉ' kolosus,
la globon rompus per eksplod'!

Fine, mi mencios poemciklon Splitoj. #7 mi ne sukcesas kompreni:

Filozofi'! Respektu ĉi sciencon,
kiu elspuras ĉies kvintesencon.
De ĉio ĝi klarigas la sekreton
per tio, ke surgluas ĝi vinjeton.

Nu, mi delonge deziris omaĝi al Emba. Mi legis ĉi tiun poemaron antaŭ 35-40 jaroj kaj daŭre rememoris lin. Emba, via frustro kaj deziro daŭre eĥas.

Aliaj referencoj:

Hororo de Emba (Imre BARANYAI)

Baranyai Imre (OLE)

The Zamenhof Legacy

The Zamenhof Legacy
Romeo Vitelli
Providentia: A Biased Look at Psychology in the World (blog)
May 17, 2009

A brief summary of the Nazi persecutions, specifically of the extermination of the Zamenhof family.